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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • PARLIAMENT AND STATE LEGISLATURES – STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONING, CONDUCT OF BUSINESS, POWERS & PRIVILEGES AND ISSUES ARISING OUT OF THESE
    • Parliament
    • Organs
      • Discuss the relationship between the Executive and the legislative wings with reference to India.
      • Who and what does the Indian Parliament consist of?
      • Examine the relative roles of the Legislature, Judiciary and Executive in the functioning of the parliamentary system of Government of India. Is it a fact that the Executive has been tending to be more powerful over the years?
      • Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, executive and the judiciary to set things right in this regard.
    • Parliamentary Democracy
      • What is Parliamentary Democracy? How does the Indian Parliament exercise control over the Union Executive? Can the Parliament have any control over the State Executives? Assess the role of Standing Committees of the Parliament in the exercise of control.
      • Bring out the aberrations of the parliamentary system of government in India.
      • Identify the major obstacles in the smooth functioning of Parliamentary democracy in India.
    • Presidential form of Government
      • There is no need to replace the Parliamentary form of Government in India with the Presidential form of Government. Justify or oppose this statement with cogent arguments.
      • Distinguish between Parliamentary and Presidential forms of Government. Do you think that changing over to Presidential form will be a solution for better governance? Substantiate your answer.
      • Explain the concept of ‘Prime Ministerial Government’ and account for its decline in recent times in India.
      • “The issue of a hung Parliament adversely affects the stability of Indian Government.” Discuss the statement and point out how far changing over to the Presidential form of government will be a solution to this problem.
    • Contempt of Parliament
      • What is contempt of Parliament? Mention its various kinds.
      • What is contempt of Parliament?
      • What is contempt of Parliament?
    • Legislation on State subjects
      • When can Parliament make a law on a subject given in the State list?
      • Under what circumstances may Parliament legislate on State subjects?
    • Sovereignty of Parliament
      • What does ‘Sovereignty of Parliament’ mean? Consider whether the Indian Parliament is a sovereign body.
      • Is the Indian Parliament a “Sovereign” or a “non-Sovereign” legislature or both?
      • Compare and contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary sovereignty.
    • Privileges
      • State the privileges of the members of the Parliament?
      • Discuss the powers, privileges and immunities of the Indian Parliament.
      • How is breach of Parliament Privilege different from Contempt of the House?
      • The ‘Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members’ as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave room for a large number of un-codified and un-enumerated privileges to continue. Assess the reasons for the absence of legal codification of the ‘parliamentary privileges’. How can this problem be addressed?
    • Parliamentary Control
      • What is Parliamentary Democracy? How does the Indian Parliament exercise control over the Union Executive? Can the Parliament have any control over the State Executives? Assess the role of Standing Committees of the Parliament in the exercise of control.
      • Identify the nature and methods of parliamentary control over the executive in Indian polity.
      • Discuss Parliamentary Control over the Executive.
      • How does Parliament control the Union Executive? How effective is its control?
      • To what extent, in your view, is the Parliament able to ensure accountability of the executive in India?
      • "The growth of cabinet system has practically resulted in the marginalisation of the parliamentary supremacy." Elucidate.
    • Joint Sitting
      • When is a joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament held? Who summons the sitting? Who presides over it?
      • Who presides over the Joint-Session of the two Houses of the Indian Parliament over a non-money bill?
      • When is the device of joint sitting of both the Houses of Parliament not available?
      • The Indian Constitution has provisions for holding joint session of the two Houses of the Parliament. Enumerate the occasions when this would normally happen and also the occasions when it cannot, with reasons thereof.
    • Parliamentary Proceedings
    • Tools
      • What do you understand by ‘zero-hour’ in the conduct of business in Parliament?
      • Distinguish between a starred question and an unstarred one asked in the Parliament.
      • Explain what is a point of order? When can it be raised?
      • What do Rule 184 and 193 in Parliamentary Procedure signify?
      • What is a point of order? When can it be raised?
      • What is meant by ‘Sine-die’ adjournment?
      • Explain the following terms: (i) Dissolution of the House, (ii) Prorogation of the House, (iii) Adjournment of the business of the House
      • What is Casting Vote?
      • Distinguish between a starred question and an unstarred one asked in the Parliament.
      • What is lame-duck session of legislature?
      • What is meant by the ‘lame-duck session’ of the legislature?
      • What is the maximum gap between two sessions of the Indian Parliament?
    • Money Bill
      • Write short notes on procedure relating to Money Bills to be passed by Parliament.
      • In case of any dispute, whether a bill is a Money Bill or not, whose decision is final?
      • Define Money Bill. Discuss how it is passed in the Parliament.
    • Funds and Budget
      • What are the Consolidated and Contingency Funds of India? How are the two operated?
      • What is Consolidated Fund of India?
      • What is consolidated fund?
      • What is vote on account?
      • What is Appropriation Bill?
      • Distinguish between Annual Financial Statement and Annual Finance Bill.
    • Motions
      • What does a Cut Motion in Parliament mean? Mention its different kinds.
      • What is a Cut Motion? Discuss its significance.
      • What is a Privilege Motion?
      • What is a Privilege Motion?
      • What is Call Attention Motion?
      • What is a Privilege Motion?
      • What is a Censure Motion?
    • Parliamentary Committees
      • Describe the organization and functions of the Committee system in Indian Parliament.
      • Discuss the value of the consultative committees attached to the different Ministries of the Government of India.
      • What are the functions of the Business Advisory Committee of the Lok Sabha?
      • What is Ethics Committee of Lok Sabha?
      • Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee.
      • Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of Indian Parliament?
    • Financial Committees
      • Discuss the methods by which Parliament controls public expenditure in India.
      • Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of Indian Parliament?
    • Financial Committees (a) Public Account Committee:
      • What is Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament in India?
      • Explain the role of the Public Accounts Committee.
      • Assess the importance of the role played by the Public Accounts Committee.
      • Discuss the role of Public Accounts Committee in establishing accountability of the government to the people.
    • Financial Committees (b) Estimate Committee
      • Explain the functions of the Estimates Committee.
      • Examine the role of Estimates Committee.
      • Why do you think the committees are considered to be useful for parliamentary work? Discuss, in this context, the role of the Estimates Committee.
    • Financial Committees (c) Committee on Public Undertakings
      • How does the Parliament seek to exercise control over the public sector undertakings?
      • Indicate the structure and functions of the Committee on Public Undertakings.
    • DRSCs
      • Distinction between ‘Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committees’ and ‘Parliamentary Forums’.
      • Do Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees keep the administration on its toes and inspire reverence for parliamentary control? Evaluate the working of such committees with suitable examples.
    • Lok Sabha
    • Speaker
      • The Speaker represents the freedom and dignity of the House. Examine.
      • Examine the powers and functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
      • Bring out the powers and responsibilities attached to the office of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
      • Who is a Protem Speaker? What are his responsibilities?
      • What is meant by ‘Pro term speaker’?
      • What is the role of the proterm speaker?
      • What is protem Speaker?
      • “Once a speaker, Always a speaker”! Do you think the practice should be adopted to impart objectivity to the office of the Speaker of Lok Sabha? What could be its implications for the robust functioning of parliamentary business in India?
      • Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
    • Representation in Lok Sabha
      • When is a member of the Lok Sabha qualified to be appointed leader of the opposition?
      • Despite all talk about the need for an effective opposition, why has it not been possible to develop an effective opposition in India? Enumerate the principal impediments to the achievement of the much-desired political objective.
      • What is the provision in the Constitution for representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha?
      • Explain the scope of Article 331.
    • State Legislature Assembly
      • Should the Speaker of a Legislative Assembly appear before the courts on summons? Justify your viewpoint.
      • Why is it said that the center has absolute veto over State Legislature?
      • Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019. Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
    • Rajya -Sabha
    • Constitutional provisions
      • Implementation of GST and NEET is a major challenge to Indian federalism.
      • Critically examine and comment: “Articles 2 and 3 of the Indian Constitution are inconsistent with the spirit of federalism.”
      • Comment: Constitution as a “power map”.
      • What categories of persons does the President of India nominate to the Rajya Sabha?
      • Discuss the provisions of Article 249 of the Indian Constitution.
      • Describe the procedure for the creation of Second Chamber of the State Legislature.
      • What is the stand of the Election Commission on the residential qualification of the members of the Rajya Sabha?
      • Explain the position of the Election Commission with regard to the residential qualification of the members of the Council of States. What do you think about it?
      • Write brief but precise note on Legislative powers assigned to the Rajya Sabha under Article 249 and Article 312 of the Constitution.
    • Relevance of Rajya Sabha
      • Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second Chamber in the Federal set-up of the Indian Parliamentary System.
      • “There are certain spheres where the Rajya Sabha alone has the authority." What are they?
      • Describe the powers and functions of the Council of States. Compare its powers with those of the House of the People.
      • Describe the non-federal features of the Council of States.
      • In what ways is the Rajya Sabha expected to play a special role in today's changing political scenario?
      • Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second chamber in the federal set-up of the Indian Parliamentary System.
      • Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a ‘useless stepney tyre’ to the most useful supporting organ in past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation could be visible.
    • State Legislative Council
      • How and by which authority can a State Legislative Council be abolished?
      • What is the bicameral legislature? Mention the states that have a bicameral legislature in our country.
      • On what grounds are the Legislative Councils justified? How is it created or abolished in a State?
      • How is disagreement between the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly of a State in passing of an ordinary Bill resolved?
      • Explain the constitutional provisions under which Legislative Councils are established. Review the working and current status of Legislative Councils with suitable illustrations.
  2. PYQs and Practice Questions
  3. UPSC IAS (CSE)
  4. UPSC Mains
  5. CONSTITUTION AND POLITY
  6. PARLIAMENT AND STATE LEGISLATURES – STRUCTURE, FUNCTIONING, CONDUCT OF BUSINESS, POWERS & PRIVILEGES AND ISSUES ARISING OUT OF THESE
  7. Parliament
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