Per hectare yields of dry land areas, which are substantial in our country, are generally low. Why is it so? Name the crops which are mostly grown on these areas. What are the steps taken to stabilise and elevate crop production in these areas? (UPSC 1983, 20 Marks, )
हमारे देश में शुष्क भूमि क्षेत्रों की प्रति हेक्टेयर उपज आमतौर पर कम होती है। ऐसा क्यों है? उन फसलों के नाम बताएं जो ज्यादातर इन क्षेत्रों में उगाई जाती हैं। इन क्षेत्रों में फसल उत्पादन को स्थिर और बढ़ाने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए गए हैं?Enroll Now
Introduction
Per hectare yields in India's dry land areas are notably low due to erratic rainfall, poor soil quality, and limited irrigation. According to the National Rainfed Area Authority, these regions primarily cultivate millets, pulses, and oilseeds. To enhance productivity, initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana and Watershed Development Programmes have been implemented, focusing on water conservation, soil health, and sustainable agricultural practices. These efforts aim to stabilize and boost crop production in these challenging environments.
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Introduction
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Dryland agriculture refers to farming practices that are carried out in regions with limited water resources, such as arid and semi-arid areas. In India, dryland agriculture plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and livelihoods for millions of people.
- Characteristics:
- Low and unpredictable rainfall.
- High evapotranspiration rates.
- Soil moisture conservation practices are essential.
- Utilization of drought-resistant crops.
Introduction
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Dry farming is a method of agriculture where crops are grown without the use of irrigation in regions with limited water availability. This technique relies on the natural precipitation and soil moisture to sustain the crops.
Key Techniques:
- Soil Management: Enhancing soil moisture retention through deep plowing and mulching.
- Crop Selection: Choosing drought-resistant crops and varieties.
- Timing: Planting and harvesting crops according to seasonal rainfall patterns.
- Weed Control: Reducing competition for water through effective weed management.
- Water Conservation: Utilizing techniques like contour plowing and terracing to conserve water.